Key issues: Ministerial transition 2025

Frontline operations: Summer 2025

Every year, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) develops a summer Action Plan to make sure the Agency is ready for the peak travel season. Historically, the CBSA sees its highest traveller volumes from May to September. Strategies to manage border wait times while protecting the border include:

• Deploying annually an average of over ~700 student border services officers to provide support areas where an armed workforce is not required such as cruise ship terminal, airports;
• Maximizing assignment at primary inspection lines, accounting for 50% of officers' time during peak operational hours;
• Limiting non-essential assignments, training and exercises over the summer peak period
• Increasing planning, forecasting, and data analytics to inform and improve operational management; and,
• Re-allocating resources to respond to significant resource demands at pressure points.

Prior to the United States (U.S.) administration's tariff announcements, traveller volumes had rebounded to pre-pandemic levels in land and air modes. Since these announcements, there has been a drop in travellers re-entering Canada from the U.S. Current April 2025 trends reveals decreases in traveller volumes of ~7% in air mode and 31% land mode, compared to the same period in 2024.

Commercial volumes have steadily increased since 2019. Commercial releases have seen growth across all modes, primarily at the land border, which experienced a 30% increase over pre-pandemic levels in summer 2023 and a 52% increase in summer 2024. This trend, however, has been impacted since the imposition of tariffs by Canada and the U.S., and a decrease in the number of releases has been observed since the trade war has commenced. In summer 2024, courier volumes rose by 45% compared to 2020, postal volumes declined by 65%, and truck volumes rose by 9%.

There have been some notable workload reductions implemented over the past year, including: the reduction of service hours at 35 ports of entry to align with adjacent U.S. ports of entry, effective January 2025 (mostly in the Quebec, Prairie, Atlantic, and Pacific regions); a reduction in temporary resident visas and study permits volumes; and an end to flagpoling for work and study permits at the border (in other words, visa holders in Canada going to ports of entry to have their documents renewed).

While overall asylum claims remain below past annual averages, with the exception of Lacolle, Quebec, the CBSA is actively monitoring volumes and has prepared contingency plans to manage any sustained increase in claims.

The Agency will continue engaging federal partners, such as Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Transport Canada and Public Safety to ensure that CBSA considerations are at the forefront of decision-making on issues that have impacts on border management, while continuing to prepare to respond to evolving priorities and conditions.

Removals program

The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act requires that every person subject to an enforceable removal order leaves Canada "immediately". If not, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) must enforce the removal order "as soon as possible". Removal orders are issued to individuals who are determined to be inadmissible for reasons listed in Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. These include: security, war crimes, sanctions, criminality, organized crime, health or excessive demand on health services, misrepresentation, inability to financially support oneself and, non-compliance with the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (for example, overstaying the authorized period of stay in Canada).

Depending on the inadmissibility, removal orders are subject to various levels of appeal, including with the Immigration and Refugee Board and the Federal Court. Removals may also be stayed due to a variety of reasons, including: a prison sentence, a partially approved permanent residence application, or a court order. The Minister of Public Safety also has the authority to stay removals based on individual circumstances or country conditions. Country-based stays are imposed and lifted based on open source, country-specific information. There are presently 18 such stays in place (see Annex B).

Impediments to removal may prevent the CBSA from enforcing a removal order in a timely manner. Common impediments include uncooperative foreign nationals and/or foreign governments who may delay or refuse to issue a travel document necessary for readmission in their country of nationality. The CBSA works closely with Global Affairs Canada to escalate within diplomatic channels, with countries to obtain documents.

A removal order becomes enforceable once all avenues of redress have been exhausted and if the removal order is not stayed. The CBSA prioritizes removals according to risk: Priority 1: security, organized crime, crimes against humanity, serious criminality and criminality, and failed irregular arrival refugee claimants; Priority 2: failed refugee claimants; and Priority 3: all other inadmissible persons.

Excluding the pandemic years, there has been a steady increase in removals from Canada since 2017. The increase in removals is the result of incremental funding for the asylum determination system and regulatory changes (in other words, confirming someone's removal from Canada after they had left the country; and ineligible claimants being removed back to the United States as a result of the Additional Protocol to the Safe Third Country Agreement). Under the Border Plan, the CBSA received $55 million over fiscal years 2025 to 2026 and 2026 to 2027 to execute 20,000 removals annually. This would represent a historical high for the CBSA and a 25% increase over 2023 to 2024. Notwithstanding this increase, given the volume of pending refugee claims before the Immigration and Refugee Board, approximately 24,500 new cases are expected to be subject to removal annually for the foreseeable future.

Annex A: Statistics

Current removal inventories

The March 2025 Removals in Progress was comprised of 31,216 foreign nationals. The Removal in Progress inventory represent individuals who can be processed for removal. At this stage, the CBSA works to overcome challenges to removal including, but not limited to, obtaining travel documents.

Annex B: Administrative deferrals of removals (ADR) and temporary suspensions of removals (TSR)

The Minister of Public Safety may impose a country-based stay of removal based on country conditions that pose a risk to the entire civilian population which include an armed conflict, a natural disaster or a situation that is temporary and generalized. The Minister has also delegated this authority to senior officials at the CBSA to put in a place a stay of removal when there is a temporary and generalized issue within a country.

Individuals with serious inadmissibility, such as national security and criminality, do not benefit from a stay of removal under these provisions; however, no one is removed from Canada without consideration for their individual needs for protection. When the situation in a country stabilizes, the deferral and suspension of removals can be lifted, and the CBSA will resume removals for all individuals who have a removal order in effect.

Immigration detention

The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) administers the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which allows for the arrest, detention, and removal of foreign nationals and permanent residents. The CBSA's immigration detention framework operates on the principle that detention shall be used only as a measure of last resort. Alternatives to detention must be considered in all cases, and at all stages of the detention process, to ensure individuals are not detained longer than necessary.

The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act sets out the three conditions for immigration detention: poses a danger to the public; flight risk (is unlikely to appear for an examination, an admissibility hearing, a removal from Canada or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister's Delegate); or, unknown identity (cannot prove their identity to the satisfaction of the officer). When the CBSA assesses that an individual meets one or more of these conditions, the individual is detained for 48 hours. After the initial 48 hours, the case for detention is brought to the Immigration and Refugee Board. Based on submissions from CBSA and the individual (or their counsel), the Immigration and Refugee Board then determines whether detention will continue. If detention does continue, it will be reviewed by the Board every 30 days.

The CBSA operates three immigration holding centres in Toronto (Ontario), Laval (Quebec), and Surrey (British Columbia). As these immigration holding centres were never intended to be used for holding individuals who posed a high risk, the CBSA historically relied on provincial correctional services to detain its higher-risk population in their facilities. However, starting in September 2023, all provinces have since ended, or will be ending (Ontario in September 2025) their immigration detention agreements for housing higher risk clients in provincial facilities.

The number of detentions has decreased from a daily average of 497 in 2014 to 2015 (6,786 detainees in total), to 260 in 2023 to 2024 (4,929 detainees in total). There are presently over 13,000 individuals enrolled in alternatives to detention programs, which represents 98.5% of all individuals who are currently subject to immigration enforcement actions, compared to 1.5% who are in detention. The CBSA uses a wide range of alternatives to detention, the most common being reporting conditions (in-person and remote), (2) community case management and supervision, and (3) electronic monitoring.

Budget 2024 provided the CBSA with $324.6 million over five years ($30.6 million of which will be ongoing), for infrastructure upgrades and operating costs to accommodate high-risk detainees in its facilities. This funding is also being used by the CBSA to work with Correctional Service Canada to establish a temporary immigration holding centre within the confines of the Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines federal correctional facility. This facility is expected to be operational by June 2025 and will provide approximately 25 beds for high-risk adult males.

Construction at two of CBSA's immigration holding centres, Laval and Toronto, is underway and scheduled to be completed by fall 2025. This work will result in 27 high-risk beds in Laval and 29 high risk beds in Toronto. Additional high risk beds will be required over and above the capacity currently being constructed.

Asylum program

Canada's obligation regarding refugees is outlined in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The responsibility for Asylum processing is shared among Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and Immigration and Refugee Board.

The CBSA's responsibilities include the processing of refugee claims at ports of entry, investigating potential inadmissibility and grounds for exclusion from protection, representing the Minister at related hearings with the Immigration and Refugee Board, and ensuring the timely removal of failed claimants from Canada.

When a person presents themselves at a port of entry and claims asylum, CBSA officers must first determine the admissibility of the individual and the eligibility of their refugee claim. Once that is done, the person can enter Canada while their claim is adjudicated. Security screening is conducted by CBSA and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service of 100% of all adult asylum seekers. CBSA conducts a review of every asylum claim file to identify refugee claims for which the Minister may have an interest in intervening on specific grounds (in these cases, the Minister is represented by a Minister's Delegate from CBSA). This review includes claims for inadmissibility concerns, including screening for individuals who may be inadmissible to Canada under serious criminality, might have possible status in another country, and/or have multiple identities. The Immigration Refugee Board is responsible for making decisions on refugee matters; if a negative decision is rendered by the Board, the individual have various appeal rights. Once those are complete, the person is then processed for removal by the CBSA.

Beginning in 2017, Canada saw a significant influx in irregular arrival refugee claimants entering between ports of entry at Roxham Road in Quebec to avoid the application of the Safe Third Country Agreement. The Safe Third Country Agreement states that individuals who enter either Canada or the United States (U.S.) must make their asylum claim in the country in which they entered with four exceptions.^{Footnote 1} By 2022, over 86,000 claims had been made at Roxham Road since 2017. In March 2023, Canada and the U.S. agreed to extend the Safe Third Country Agreement's provisions to apply across the entire land border, leading to a drastic reduction in claims made between the ports across the country; Roxham Road saw only 430 irregular arrivals in 2024.

During and post-pandemic, a number of policies were implemented to help Canada's economy recover and to respond to international crises. As a result of these policies, Canada experienced significant population growth. Temporary and permanent immigration accounted for almost 98% of this growth in 2023, 60% of which can be attributed to temporary residents. The pandemic also exacerbated "push" factors from other countries, prompting more illicit migration to Canada.

This growth continues to strain the immigration enforcement and asylum systems. Pressures include the following:

• an increase in immigration screening inventory to nearly 165,000 cases in April 2025, up from approximately 23,000 cases in 2022;
• an increase in pending asylum cases to approximately 270,000 before the Immigration and Refugee Board last year, up from approximately 70,000 in 2022;
• over-subscribed alternatives to detention programs, with rising rates of non-compliance; and,
• a doubling of the Removals in Progress inventory in recent years to approximately 31,000 individuals, notwithstanding an Agency increase in removals to 17,000 last year, up from 8,000 in 2022.

Budget 2024 provided the CBSA with $399.5 million over five years starting in 2024 to 2025, and $69.2 million ongoing to cover the cost of the various functions the CBSA performs related to the processing of 70,000 asylum claims per year, including port of entry processing and immigration enforcement. This funding also included temporary surge capacity to support the processing of 15,000 additional claimants in 2024 to 2025 and 2025 to 2026. In total, the CBSA receives funding for its role in processing up to 85,000 claims annually. In 2024, Canada processed over 171,000 claims.

Northbound migration and situation at Lacolle port of entry

The recent decisions and statements by the United States (U.S.) administration is increasing northbound migration flows. Since April 2025, there has been an increase in asylum claims initiated at Canada's land ports of entry, with the majority concentrated at the Lacolle port of entry in Quebec. From January 20 to April 23, 2025, Lacolle saw over 4,600 claims, an 80% increase when compared to the same period last year (2,600). Of asylum claims made at Lacolle for this time period, approximately 83% were made by Haitian nationals and of those, approximately 81% qualified for an exception under the Safe Third Country Agreement. There are four exceptions to the Agreement, including having an "anchor relative" in Canada.

Recently, the U.S. ended several humanitarian protection programs and is undertaking significant deportation actions. The increase in asylum claimants at Lacolle is likely due in part to the U.S. termination of a parole program for nationals from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela on April 24, 2025. There are multiple countries with Temporary Protected Status Designation in the U.S. that are set to expire as a result of an executive order issued on January 20, 2025. Northbound migration volumes are expected to continue to increase, particularly in the spring and summer months. The Safe Third Country Agreement will allow CBSA to return asylum seekers who do not meet one of the conditions back to the U.S.

National and regional contingency plans for a potential surge have been activated, and the Agency continues to lead tabletop exercises to test the operational response in various scenarios, ranging from business as usual to emergency levels. While other travel modes are experiencing slight variations, overall asylum claimant levels remain lower than those seen during the same period last year. The CBSA's contingency plans, at the high end, will require the support of other organizations (for example, Canadian Armed Forces, Red Cross) to help accommodate individuals while the CBSA processes them. We do not currently require this assistance based on recent numbers.

CBSA enforcement

Imports

The Canada Border Services Agency's (CBSA) operations are supported by legislation. Our approach is risk-based, focusing on the examination of imports across air cargo, land, courier, postal, rail, and marine modes while employing a range of tools and technology to combat the movement of contraband. While it is not feasible to screen every shipment, the Agency heavily relies on intelligence, targeted interventions and strong information sharing partnerships with allies. The CBSA works closely with other law enforcement agencies, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Police of Jurisdiction, United States (U.S.) law enforcement partners, as well as Health Canada. The CBSA uses data, intelligence, risk indicators and technology to identify and intercept illegal goods transiting the border.

The CBSA's intelligence activities are conducted to identify and target high risk goods. The CBSA supports investigations to prosecute individuals and entities connected to organized crime, drug smuggling, and other violations of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, Customs Act, Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, and the Criminal Code.

At the border, detection technology is used by frontline officers, including x-rays, trace-detection technology, and detector dogs. The Agency also has labs to analyze and identify suspect substances, as well as integrated regional firearms teams made up of intelligence officers, analysts, and criminal investigators. In April 2024, the Agency appointed two Executive Directors, one to combat firearms smuggling and one to combat synthetic opioids/fentanyl smuggling to bolster our efforts and recent successes. Canada's Border Plan announced funding for additional technology and human resources. This includes the use of three new regional satellite laboratories, handheld chemical analyzers, x-ray equipment, and additional detector dog teams.

Each mode poses its own unique set of challenges. In particular, the rise of e-commerce in recent years has posed challenges across all importation streams and modes of transportation.

The postal and courier low value shipment programs have seen a significant increase in low-value small packages. Bad actors exploit these streams to illegally import drugs, firearms, and other goods that present a risk to the health, safety and security of Canadians.

In marine, there are over two million containers arriving at Canadian ports annually. The CBSA's current infrastructure and detection technology need to be updated to adapt and adjust to increased demand or pivot to different ways of marine processing. This includes finding the right balance of facilitation and security to ensure supply chain continuity and avoid port congestion while delivering the CBSA's mandate. The CBSA is dependent on industry for the movement of containers, which creates security risks and enforcement priorities (including organized crime shifting to exploitation of exporting contraband such as stolen vehicles and drugs). This dependency also leads to high costs for movements and examinations, especially for health, safety and security examinations.

For air cargo, increasing volumes, which include e-Commerce shipments, bring about a need for right-fit detection technology in these environments. The CBSA also seeks to find the right balance with either centralized examination facilities or the requirement to house detection equipment at carriers' warehouses.

Exports

The CBSA's initial export program was designed for the collection of economic statistics. The Customs Act requires that goods are reported as set out in the Reporting of Exported Goods Regulations, and information is shared with Statistics Canada for economic reports.

Export control responsibilities were subsequently added to restrict the export of certain goods from Canada, with an initial focus by the CBSA on inhibiting the spread of weapons of mass destruction, and products used in their development, in an effort to prevent catastrophic harm to people through chemical, biological and nuclear materials (also known as counter proliferation). The CBSA is responsible for verifying the applicable permits, certificates and licences.

Changes in criminality and geo-politics have led the CBSA to expand its export control mandate to include other acts and additional Government initiatives including:

• In response to an increase of stolen vehicles, the CBSA has assisted the police of jurisdiction in seizing vehicles within Canada, while also increasing its capacity at the ports of exit. In 2024, these efforts led to a record number of seized vehicles intended for export.
• In regard to elvers, Fisheries and Oceans Canada implemented new regulations requiring individuals to possess an export licence to export American eel elvers (Anguilla rostrata) from Canada. The CBSA is actively working with Fisheries and Oceans Canada to interdict illegal exports of shipments without the required permit.
• Fentanyl moving across the Canada/U.S. border was an issue of national concern which led to the imposition of U.S. tariffs against Canada. There is no evidence that Canada is a major source of fentanyl to the U.S., however, to counter this narrative, the CBSA launched Operation Blizzard, a surge operation to intercept fentanyl and other illegal narcotics arriving and leaving Canada in postal, air cargo and marine containers. The results of this operation supports that Canada is not a significant source of fentanyl entering the U.S. Less than 1% of fentanyl seized in the U.S. comes from Canada.
• Additionally, from an export perspective the CBSA works very closely with international partners in the Oceania by supplying information to guide their examination and seizure activities with respect to illicit narcotics such as methamphetamine. Our efforts have been successful and we will continue to work closely with both domestic and international law enforcement partners on interdiction efforts.

The CBSA's export control process begins when exporters and carriers submit documentation to the CBSA regarding their commercial shipment. As a means to expedite and facilitate Canada-U.S. trade processes, exporters do not need to report goods destined to the U.S. since the two countries exchange import data to be used by the other as export statistics.

Following a reporting of the goods, export declarations may be risk-assessed and referred for examination if the shipment is evaluated as a high-risk of non-compliance with legislative requirements. An important distinction from imports is that exports do not need to wait for a decision from the CBSA before leaving the country, meaning that the referrals resulting from a risk assessment need to occur quickly or the goods will simply leave.

To perform an export risk assessment, officers will analyze export intelligence, export declaration data and other sources of information to determine the level of risk associated with a shipment. They may also communicate with domestic and international counterparts to support their analysis and contribute towards broader investigations. Within the CBSA, these activities could be performed by:

• The Counter Proliferation Operations Section with a specific mandate to focus on counter-proliferation and sanctions;
• The Targeting Intelligence Export Team with a focus on the export of contraband, stolen vehicles and trade fraud; and/or
• Frontline border services officers focusing on regional priorities.

There are a variety of improvement initiatives underway to enhance the performance of the export program. The initial focus is to improve the quality and availability of export data to amplify future enhancements to risk assessment. The longer-term objective is to establish a permanent export risk assessment program, using artificial intelligence in automated risk assessment and targeting systems, to support the decisions of dedicated targeting officers. In addition, the CBSA continues to work with owners/operators, carriers, sufferance warehouse operators, and terminal operators to identify the additional space requirements for examination to protect national security interests while reducing impacts to supply chain fluidity.

Trade and anti-dumping

The Canada Border Services Agency's (CBSA) Trade and Anti-dumping programs facilitate compliance with laws, regulations and treaties related to international trade, trade remedies, and the assessment of related revenues (duties and taxes, etc.). Under these programs, the CBSA is also responsible for contributing to the negotiation of free trade agreements and multilateral standards, and for implementing related provisions in Canada. These programs support the Government of Canada's efforts to diversify international trade, and to protect the Canadian economy.

The Trade program includes a workforce that conducts trade verification and compliance by importers related to duties and taxes owing, and in relation to tariff classification, origin, and valuation. These responsibilities are governed pursuant to the Customs Act, the Customs Tariff, and the Excise Tax Act. The Anti-dumping program is governed by the Special Import Measures Act and aims to protect Canadian industry from the adverse effects of dumping and subsidizing by other companies and countries. The CBSA is the Government of Canada's second-largest revenue generator; in 2024, the Agency assessed over $40 billion in duties and taxes.

While the Minister of Public Safety has policy responsibility for the Customs Act, including provisions related to verification, certification, valuation, and other matters that govern some aspects of the trade program, this is not the case with other relevant statutes. Rather, the predominate policy responsibility in the areas of tariffs, taxes, and trade remedies resides with the Minister of Finance. The CBSA is generally an administrator in this area; decisions of the Agency can be subject to judicial review at the Federal Court and others may also be appealed to the Canadian International Trade Tribunal which is an independent quasi-judicial body that reports to Parliament through the Minister of Finance. The Ministers of Global Affairs and of International Trade are also important partners in this area.

The CBSA has a key role in Canada's administration of free trade agreements and engages with international partners, the World Customs Organization, and the World Trade Organization, in efforts to harmonize trade rules. The CBSA is responsible for co-leading free trade agreement negotiations, for instance relating to certification of origin and verification; rules such as these are important to ensure that these agreements can be implemented in Canada.

As part of its trade responsibilities, the CBSA enforces compliance by ensuring importers accurately account for goods they are bringing into Canada and that all duties and taxes owing are assessed properly. The Agency identifies importers who may not have paid the proper amount of duties and taxes, conducts audits, and corrects errors by reassessing the relevant import declarations.

The Agency also administers a number of regulatory programs, including Duty Relief, and Duty Drawback on behalf of Finance Canada. This includes administering licences to hundreds of warehouses across Canada that receive, store, and release billions of dollars in goods annually. The CBSA is also responsible for licensing Duty Free Shops, and Customs Broker Licensing.

The CBSA's Anti-dumping program administers the Special Import Measures Act and works closely with industry to investigate and enforce measures against imports that may be harming Canadian industries as a result of being dumped or subsidized into our economy. It is obligated to uphold international standards in order to maintain Canada's rules-based trade enforcement and protect domestic industries, and must impose anti-dumping and/or countervailing duties as appropriate.

With respect to any surtaxes or other targeted tariffs and trade remedies, the CBSA's role is to administer these in a manner similar to other duties and taxes, founded upon voluntary compliance by importers and supported through a risk-based compliance regime. The CBSA anti-dumping and countervailing investigations have increased in volume and complex over the past several years, and this is expected to increase further given the volatile international trade environment. In addition to its investigative functions, the CBSA conducts compliance activities on entities subject to the Act. Last year, compliance activities validated $2 billion worth of transactions resulting in over $56 million assessed and owed to the Crown.

The CBSA's Trade and Anti-dumping programs and operations have been at the forefront of implementing Canada's retaliatory response to the recent tariffs imposed by the United States administration. While policy leadership in this area is under Finance Canada, the CBSA is responsible for administering Canadian surtaxes at the border, and processing related requests for relief whether in relation to approved remission orders, or the Duty Relief and Drawback programs. While the Agency has responded to this priority by reallocating finite capacity, a prolonged response will negatively impact service standards and program performance.

Traveller modernization

Rising traveller volumes pre-COVID identified a need for the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) to improve traveller processing with a view to allowing officers to spend less time on low-risk travellers. The pandemic introduced new requirements to collect public health-related information and, in response, the CBSA expedited plans for a self-service tool to enable travellers to provide their border-related information in advance (in other words, ArriveCAN). In this digital world, travellers have come to expect easy to use, automated solutions that will enhance their travelling experience.

Traveller Modernization is a project to help the CBSA maintain the balance between its facilitation and security priorities. The CBSA received $337.6 million over seven years in funding through Budget 2021 to move the Agency from a high-touch, transactional operating model to one that uses more digital, self-service processes for travellers. It will also replace at least five 20-year-old systems used by officers when they process travellers.

As part of Traveller Modernization, the CBSA implemented the Advance Declaration feature in ArriveCAN that has allowed travellers to share their identity and customs declaration in advance of their arrival at major Canadian airports since 2022. Approximately 300,000 travellers use this feature monthly, representing 12% of travellers arriving at participating airports.

Over the next several years, Advance Declaration will be available to travellers arriving at more ports of entry, including land, smaller airports and remote locations. In future phases, the application is planned to include facial recognition capabilities to verify traveller identity.

The CBSA is not the only organization or federal department in the travel space. As such, the CBSA is implementing Traveller Modernization in collaboration with Transport Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and travel industry partners (for example, airlines).

The CBSA has applied lessons learned from IT-enabled projects to the delivery of Traveller Modernization, including documenting decisions for future reference, reducing reliance on consultant resources in favour of employees, and completing comprehensive user and accessibility testing prior to a release.

The CBSA secured Treasury Board funding in late March 2025, to begin execution of the new system for frontline officers. As a next step, the CBSA will develop and test this system and expects to begin implementation in late spring 2026. The Agency is also working to finalize plans for enhancements to the mobile border application for travellers.