- Footnote 1
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Targets are issued based on various indicators. When risk cannot be negated for a traveller, a target is issued. Gender, by itself, is not used by the NTC as an indicator for targeting.
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- Footnote 2
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In addition to rising traveller volumes, this may also have been the result of refinements in targeting/referral practices and changes in risk.
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- Footnote 3
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SPPH comprises two different applications: Secondary Processing, which is used to process referrals; and Passage History, which stores the passage history record including referral results.
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- Footnote 4
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Refer to Appendix E for more details on evaluation methodology and limitations.
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- Footnote 5
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The evaluation refers to "gender," in alignment with guidance on Modernizing the Government of Canada's Sex and Gender Information Practices and the Treasury Board Policy Direction to Modernize the Government of Canada's Sex and Gender Information Practices. A traveller's lived gender may not always match their identity documents, such as their passport. Countries such as Canada have begun implementing travel and identity document standards, which include additional gender identifier options to reflect diverse gender identities and have processes in place through which a traveller can change the gender identifier on their identity documents.
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- Footnote 6
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Departure country refers to the first country from which an incoming traveller to Canada has departed.
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- Footnote 7
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Source: Public Safety Canada, Enhancing Bias Sensitivity, Diversity and Identity in National Security.
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- Footnote 8
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Refer to Appendix E for more information on this method.
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- Footnote 9
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Source: Scenario Performance data FY 2014-2015 to FY 2020-2021 ().
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- Footnote 10
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Referral rates include all referral subjects (immigration vs. customs), types (selective, mandatory, random), and sources.
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- Footnote 11
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Referral rates include all referral subjects (immigration vs. customs), types (selective, mandatory, random), and sources.
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- Footnote 12
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This is not representative of the COVID-19 pandemic period and related trends.
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- Footnote 13
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For definitions of SBT and FLT practices, refer to Appendix B.
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- Footnote 14
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[*]
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- Footnote 15
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PIL Officer referrals in the air mode were not included as part of this analysis, as it is difficult to determine the population of travellers, by citizenship and document origin country, that may engage with a PIL officer, due to the functionality and requirements of the Primary Inspection Kiosk (PIK). For example: The travelling population that uses PIK may not represent certain travellers that do not meet the requirements of using the Kiosk (e.g. machine readable passport) or cannot use the Kiosk. Further, PIL officers will most often only engage with travellers that are unable to use to the kiosk.
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- Footnote 16
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Source: Ontario Human Rights Commission, Racial discrimination, race and racism (fact sheet).
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- Footnote 17
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Source: United Nations Data File, World Census Data, 2013.
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- Footnote 18
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Targets issued may have indirect and direct resultants. For example, an indirect resultant might occur when a contraband target has a resulting enforcement action for illicit migration or national security.
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- Footnote 19
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According to NTC representatives, the NTC continues to refine its practices and has deactivated a number of scenarios that cite [*] as a departure country.
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- Footnote 20
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Does not account for [*] (departure country: [*]) of "missing" document origin values in the data set.
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- Footnote 21
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Of 922 frontline respondents, 32% (n=295) to a very large extent; 28% (n=258) to a large extent.
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- Footnote 22
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Source: Oxford English Dictionary, Intersectionality.
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- Footnote 23
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Referral rates include all referral subjects (immigration vs. customs), types (selective, mandatory, random), and sources.
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- Footnote 24
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Due to data capture and data quality issues, it is unclear which travellers comprise these categories. However, persons with Gender X or gender neutral documentation may fall into these categories.
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- Footnote 25
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The value for duty (VFD)/quantity of seizures, resulting from a target, was not the focus of this evaluation.
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- Footnote 26
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Does not account for [*] (departure country: [*]) "missing" document origin values in the data set.
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- Footnote 27
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Herein, GBA+ related training refers to courses, offered internally and externally, that are related to implicit bias and bias sensitivity, diversity and identity, anti-racism, or engaging with travellers experiencing mental illness or displaying mental health concerns. A full list of the training courses referenced in the evaluation survey can be found in Appendix F.
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- Footnote 28
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Of 942 survey respondents, 39% (n=371) were satisfied with coverage on implicit bias and bias sensitivity; 49% (n=461) were satisfied with coverage on diversity and identity; and 50% (n=469) were satisfied with coverage on anti-racism.
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- Footnote 29
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The term "transsexual" is considered to be outdated and inappropriate.
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- Footnote 30
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Though not within the scope of this evaluation, subject matter experts suggests that similar data challenges may be encountered in the immigration context.
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- Footnote 31
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The NTC has identified deficiencies in tracking and reporting and, while not yet implemented, have made attempts to develop plans to introduce more automated tracking and reporting processes.
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- Footnote 32
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For example, the Indigenous Training Program, under the Human Resources Branch, is currently planning the integration of related indigenous content into the Officer Induction Training Program.
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- Footnote 33
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Following the conclusion of data collection for this evaluation, the CBSA has launched the CBSA Policy on the Agency's Relationship with Indigenous Peoples. The CBSA Indigenous Affairs Secretariat has undertaken a policy review to apply an Indigenous lens and suggest changes in order to facilitate the Government of Canada's promise of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada and to implement the new CBSA policy.
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- Footnote 34
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For example, how cultural awareness in behaviour, demeanour, facial expressions, and body language may influence traveller/BSO interactions.
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- Footnote 35
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Included BSOs and Superintendents.
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